2019년 6월 고1 모의고사 18-40 원문

2019 6 고1 모의 18-40.hwp

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2019년 6월 고1 모의고사 18-40 (안내문, 도표 제외)

 

18

Dear Mr. Hane,

Our message to you is brief, but important: Your subscription to Winston Magazine will end soon and we haven’t heard from you about renewing it. We’re sure you won’t want to miss even one upcoming issue. Renew now to make sure that the service will continue. You’ll get continued delivery of the excellent stories and news that make Winston Magazine the fastest growing magazine in America. To make it as easy as possible for you to act now, we’ve sent a reply card for you to complete. Simply send back the card today and you’ll continue to receive your monthly issue of Winston Magazine.

 

Best regards,

Thomas Strout

 

19

The Chief called for Little Fawn to come out, and took her right hand and Sam’s right hand and tied them together with a small piece of leather. He gave a big yell and told Sam, “You’re now a married man.” As soon as the wedding ceremony was over, the celebration began. Fawn and Sam sat on blankets as young boys and girls began dancing to flute music and drum beats. They danced in circles making joyful sounds and shaking their hands with arms raised over their heads. Fawn rose up and joined them. People started clapping and singing. Fawn and Sam were two happy people.

 

20

You can buy conditions for happiness, but you can’t buy happiness. It’s like playing tennis. You can’t buy the joy of playing tennis at a store. You can buy the ball and the racket, but you can’t buy the joy of playing. To experience the joy of tennis, you have to learn, to train yourself to play. It’s the same with writing calligraphy. You can buy the ink, the rice paper, and the brush, but if you don’t cultivate the art of calligraphy, you can’t really do calligraphy. So calligraphy requires practice, and you have to train yourself. You are happy as a calligrapher only when you have the capacity to do calligraphy. Happiness is also like that. You have to cultivate happiness; you cannot buy it at a store.

 

21

For almost all things in life, there can be too much of a good thing. Even the best things in life aren’t so great in excess. This concept has been discussed at least as far back as Aristotle. He argued that being virtuous means finding a balance. For example, people should be brave, but if someone is too brave they become reckless. People should be trusting, but if someone is too trusting they are considered gullible. For each of these traits, it is best to avoid both deficiency and excess. The best way is to live at the “sweet spot” that maximizes well­being. Aristotle’s suggestion is that virtue is the midpoint, where someone is neither too generous nor too stingy, neither too afraid nor recklessly brave.

 

22

Certainly praise is critical to a child’s sense of self­esteem, but when given too often for too little, it kills the impact of real praise when it is called for. Everyone needs to know they are valued and appreciated, and praise is one way of expressing such feelings―but only after something praiseworthy has been accomplished. Awards are supposed to be rewards―reactions to positive actions, honors for doing something well!The ever­present danger in handing out such honors too lightly is that children may come to depend on them and do only those things that they know will result in prizes. If they are not sure they can do well enough to earn merit badges, or if gifts are not guaranteed, they may avoid certain activities.

 

23

If you’ve ever seen a tree stump, you probably noticed that the top of the stump had a series of rings. These rings can tell us how old the tree is, and what the weather was like during each year of the tree’s life. Because trees are sensitive to local climate conditions, such as rain and temperature, they give scientists some information about that area’s local climate in the past. For example, tree rings usually grow wider in warm, wet years and are thinner in years when it is cold and dry. If the tree has experienced stressful conditions, such as a drought, the tree might hardly grow at all during that time. Very old trees in particular can offer clues about what the climate was like long before measurements were recorded.

 

24

Near an honesty box, in which people placed coffee fund contributions, researchers at Newcastle University in the UK alternately displayed images of eyes and of flowers. Each image was displayed for a week at a time. During all the weeks in which eyes were displayed, bigger contributions were made than during the weeks when flowers were displayed. Over the ten weeks of the study, contributions during the ‘eyes weeks’ were almost three times higher than those made during the ‘flowers weeks.’ It was suggested that ‘the evolved psychology of cooperation is highly sensitive to subtle cues of being watched,’ and that the findings may have implications for how to provide effective nudges toward socially beneficial outcomes.

 

26

James Van Der Zee was born on June 29, 1886, in Lenox, Massachusetts. The second of six children, James grew up in a family of creative people. At the age of fourteen he received his first camera and took hundreds of photographs of his family and town. By 1906, he had moved to New York, married, and was taking jobs to support his growing family. In 1907, he moved to Phoetus, Virginia, where he worked in the dining room of the Hotel Chamberlin. During this time he also worked as a photographer on a part­time basis. He opened his own studio in 1916. World WarⅠhad begun and many young soldiers came to the studio to have their pictures taken. In 1969, the exhibition, Harlem On My Mind, brought him international recognition. He died in 1983.

 

29

Bad lighting can increase stress on your eyes, as can light that is too bright, or light that shines directly into your eyes. Fluorescent lighting can also be tiring. What you may not appreciate is that the quality of light may also be important. Most people are happiest in bright sunshine―this may cause a release of chemicals in the body that bring a feeling of emotional well­being. Artificial light, which typically contains only a few wavelengths of light, does not seem to have the same effect on mood that sunlight has. Try experimenting with working by a window or using full spectrum bulbs in your desk lamp. You will probably find that this improves the quality of your working environment.

 

30

School assignments have typically required that students work alone. This emphasis on individualproductivity reflected an opinion that independence is a necessary factor for success. Having the ability to take care of oneself without depending on others was considered a requirement for everyone. Consequently, teachers in the past lessoften arranged group work or encouraged students to acquire teamwork skills. However, since the new millennium, businesses have experienced more global competition that requires improved productivity. This situation has led employers to insist that newcomers to the labor market provide evidence of traditional independence but also interdependence shown through teamwork skills. The challenge for educators is to ensure individual competence in basic skills while adding learning opportunities that can enable students to also perform well in teams.

 

31

Creativity is a skill we usually consider uniquely human. For all of human history, we have been the most creative beings on Earth. Birds can make their nests, ants can make their hills, but no other species on Earth comes close to the level of creativity we humans display. However, just in the last decade we have acquired the ability to do amazing things with computers, like developing robots. With the artificial intelligence boom of the 2010s, computers can now recognize faces, translate languages, take calls for you, write poems, and beat players at the world’s most complicated board game, to name a few things. All of a sudden, we must face the possibility that our ability to be creative is not unrivaled.

 

32

There is a major problem with counting from 0. To determine the number of objects by counting, such as determining how many apples there are on a table, many children would touch or point to the first apple and say “one,” then move on to the second apple and say “two,” and continue in this manner until all the apples are counted. If we start at 0, we would have to touch nothing and say “zero,” but then we would have to start touching apples and calling out “one, two, three” and so on. This can be very confusing because there would be a need to stress when to touch and when not to touch. If a child accidentally touches an apple while saying “zero,” then the total number of apples will be off by 1.

 

33

The mind is essentially a survival machine. Attack and defense against other minds, gathering, storing, and analyzing information―this is what it is good at, but it is not at all creative. All true artists create from a place of no­mind, from inner stillness. Even great scientists have reported that their creative breakthroughs came at a time of mental quietude. The surprising result of a nationwide inquiry among America’s most famous mathematicians, including Einstein, to find out their working methods, was that thinking “plays only a subordinate part in the brief, decisive phase of the creative act itself.” So I would say that the simple reason why the majority of scientists are not creative is not because they don’t know how to think, but because they don’t know how to stop thinking!

 

34

We are more likely to eat in a restaurant if we know that it is usually busy. Even when nobody tells us a restaurant is good, our herd behavior determines our decision­making. Let’s suppose you walk toward two empty restaurants. You do not know which one to enter. However, you suddenly see a group of six people enter one of them. Which one are you more likely to enter, the empty one or the other one? Most people would go into the restaurant with people in it. Let’s suppose you and a friend go into that restaurant. Now, it has eight people in it. Others see that one restaurant is empty and the other has eight people in it. So, they decide to do the same as the other eight.

 

35

Words like ‘near’ and ‘far’ can mean different things depending on where you are and what you are doing. If you were at a zoo, then you might say you are ‘near’ an animal if you could reach out and touch it through the bars of its cage. Here the word ‘near’ means an arm’s length away. If you were telling someone how to get to your local shop, you might call it ‘near’ if it was a five­minute walk away. Now the word ‘near’ means much longer than an arm’s length away. Words like ‘near’, ‘far’, ‘small’, ‘big’, ‘hot’, and ‘cold’ all mean different things to different people at different times.

 

36

In 1824, Peru won its freedom from Spain. Soon after, Simón Bolívar, the general who had led the liberating forces, called a meeting to write the first version of the constitution for the new country. After the meeting, the people wanted to do something special for Bolívar to show their appreciation for all he had done for them, so they offered him a gift of one million pesos, a very large amount of money in those days. Bolívar accepted the gift and then asked, “How many slaves are there in Peru?” He was told there were about three thousand. “And how much does a slave sell for?” he wanted to know. “About 350 pesos for a man,” was the answer. “Then,” said Bolívar, “I’ll add whatever is necessary to this million pesos you have given me and I will buy all the slaves in Peru and set them free. It makes no sense to free a nation, unless all its citizens enjoy freedom as well.”

 

 

37

The next time you’re out under a clear, dark sky, look up. If you’ve picked a good spot for stargazing, you’ll see a sky full of stars, shining and twinkling like thousands of brilliant jewels. But this amazing sight of stars can also be confusing. Try and point out a single star to someone. Chances are, that person will have a hard time knowing exactly which star you’re looking at. It might be easier if you describe patterns of stars. You could say something like, “See that big triangle of bright stars there?” Or, “Do you see those five stars that look like a big letter W?” When you do that, you’re doing exactly what we all do when we look at the stars. We look for patterns, not just so that we can point something out to someone else, but also because that’s what we humans have always done.

 

38

Some years ago at the national spelling bee in Washington, D.C., a thirteen­year­old boy was asked to spell echolalia, a word that means a tendency to repeat whatever one hears.Although he misspelled the word, the judges misheard him, told him he had spelled the word right, and allowed him to advance.When the boy learned that he had misspelled the word, he went to the judges and told them.So he was eliminated from the competition after all. Newspaper headlines the next day called the honest young man a “spelling bee hero,” and his photo appeared in The New York Times.“The judges said I had a lot of honesty,” the boy told reporters.He added that part of his motive was, “I didn’t want to feel like a liar.”

 

39

Whenever you say what you can’t do, say what you can do. This ends a sentence on a positive note and has a much lower tendency to cause someone to challenge it.Consider this situation―a colleague comes up to you and asks you to look over some figures with them before a meeting they are having tomorrow.You simply say, ‘No, I can’t deal with this now.’This may then lead to them insisting how important your input is, increasing the pressure on you to give in.Instead of that, say to them, ‘I can’t deal with that now but what I can do is I can ask Brian to give you a hand and he should be able to explain them.’Or, ‘I can’t deal with that now but I can find you in about half an hour when I have finished.’Either of these types of responses are better than ending it with a negative.

 

40

What really works to motivate people to achieve their goals? In one study, researchers looked at how people respond to life challenges including getting a job, taking an exam, or undergoing surgery. For each of these conditions, the researchers also measured how much these participants fantasized about positive outcomes and how much they actually expected a positive outcome. What’s the difference really between fantasy and expectation? While fantasy involves imagining an idealized future, expectation is actually based on a person’s past experiences. So what did the researchers find? The results revealed that those who had engaged in fantasizing about the desired future did worse in all three conditions. Those who had more positive expectations for success did better in the following weeks, months, and years. These individuals were more likely to have found jobs, passed their exams, or successfully recovered from their surgery.