ebs 단기특강 유형편 16강

ebs 단기특강 유형편 Day 16.hwp

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Day 16

1

The Greek city-state had an interesting way of calling citizens together when a vote for some type of action was needed. If, for example, one city-state was marching against another to do battle, a person would walk the streets blowing a horn, announcing that all should gather in the amphitheater just outside of town. When the citizens of the city heard this, they would close up their shops, head to the amphitheater to get the news and fulfill their civic duty by voicing their response. However, some shop owners refused to shut down, hoping to do extra business while the competitors' businesses were closed. The Greeks referred to such persons as idiotes, which means someone is closed up in their own world who, concerned only with personal goals, _________________________.

 

2

Emotion is sometimes based upon ___________________________________. A sports announcer, prior to a game that has been given a lot of media attention and has a long established rivalry, might say something like: "You can feel the emotion in the air." He says this because he anticipates that the fans will shout encouraging words, boo the referee, wave their arms and clap their hands; in other words, they will do all the things fans usually do. The announcer refers to these sounds and actions collectively as emotion. But can he actually "feel" it? He, himself, is (by his own use of the term) being "emotional." TV interviewers often insist on the emotional moment. They ask, "How did you feel when this or that happened?" Or, "Describe your emotion at the time." Emotion is much overestimated; thinking is much underestimated.

 

3

First defined in nonsport settings by E.E.Jones and Berglas in 1978, self-handicapping consists of a person's thoughts and/or actions that serve to protect his or her self-esteem by providing excuses for failure. A sport example would be the athlete's anticipation of losing the sports contest before events occur by explaining reasons for the anticipated lack of success. Self-handicappers externalize or "excuse" failure and internalize (i.e., accept credit for) success. They do not associate failure with their poor skills, thereby protecting their self-esteem. Thus, if athletes feel that they will not be at fault for failing -the expected failure is someone else's fault- they will not accept responsibility for group failure. In addition, the team, or group, is actually expected to fail. In fact, the athlete may unintentionally promote failure by exerting low effort. Thus, when we anticipate failure, we think and act in a manner that ________________________________.