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2019개정 수능특강 라이트 영어독해 23강 본문
23강
1
While the transportation infrastructure may shape where we travel today, in the early eras of travel, it determined whether people could travel at all. The development and improvement of transportation was one of the most important factors in allowing modern tourism to develop on a large scale and become a regular part of the lives of billions of people around the world. Technological advances provided the basis for the explosive expansion of local, regional, and global transportation networks and made travel faster, easier, and cheaper. This not only created new tourist-generating and tourist-receiving regions but also prompted a host of other changes in the tourism infrastructure, such as accommodations. As a result, the availability of transportation infrastructure and services has been considered a fundamental precondition for tourism.
1
The types of sounds, rhythms, and musical textures we find pleasing are generally extensions of previous positive experiences we’ve had with music in our lives. This is because hearing a song that you like is a lot like having any other pleasant sensory experience — eating chocolate, fresh-picked raspberries, smelling coffee in the morning, seeing a work of art or the peaceful face of someone you love who is sleeping. We take pleasure in the sensory experience, and find comfort in its familiarity and the safety that familiarity brings. I can look at a ripe raspberry, smell it, and anticipate that it will taste good and that the experience will be safe — I won’t get sick. If I’ve never seen a loganberry before, there are so many points in common with the raspberry that I can take the chance in eating it and anticipate that it will be safe.
2
Every aspect of training for elite athletes has explicit goals. Everything they do inside and outside the practice venue is goal directed. As coach, you want to help your athletes do two things: be goal directed and set their own goals. When working with your athletes, give them daily, weekly, and monthly goals. You can write them down and give them to your athletes. For example, when I observed a practice in China, I noticed the coach would give each diver a piece of paper with that day’s individual practice and goals. Remember, don’t limit goals to just the physical practice. They should also have goals for other parts of training such as their warm-up routine, mental training, and conditioning. Also, have your athletes take their sport home with them. Encourage them to keep a journal in which they reflect on their practices and competition performances, set new practice goals, evaluate their short-term and long-term goals, and so on.
3
With some songs, the communication of a dominant emotional mood or a specific rhythmic feel are just as important as the communication of the lyrics. Many blues songs are in this category. Despite the differences implied by genre and tradition, it is safe to say that the successful communication of a text is not always necessary for a successful singing performance, and it is never sufficient. Even in genres where it is expected that lyrics are understandable, such as opera and art song, there is more going on. Joan Sutherland, the Australian soprano, was sometimes criticized for poor diction because she changed some of her vowel sounds ever so slightly. Yet this shortcoming did not bar her from being considered one of the greatest opera singers of the twentieth century.
4
Joy Batchelor is a British-based animator who founded the Halas and Batchelor studio with John Halas. Batchelor’s father encouraged her drawing skills as a child. Despite some difficulties in her childhood, Batchelor won a school scholarship, attending art school in Watford. Her studies were successful but due to a lack of money she was unable to continue and instead began to work. She worked well in an animation studio for three years until it closed, after which she found work at a printing company as a poster designer. She remained with the poster company for six months and met John Halas. After a short trip to John’s native Hungary, they returned to Britain where in 1940 they founded Halas and Batchelor studio, and later married. In the 1950s, the studio began work on Animal Farm, which became one of its bestknown films as well as Britain’s first feature-length animation.
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